haralampopoulosjc wrote: ↑Wed 27 August 2025 5:41 amCroatia fell in 1064 during the reign of King Petar Krešimir IV after the excommunication of two notable clerics and their accomplices for opposing the Gregorian Reforms:
From the outset, he continued the policies of his father, and was immediately requested in a letter by Pope Nicholas II first in 1059 and then in 1060 to further reform the Croatian church in accordance with the Roman rite. This was especially significant to the papacy in the aftermath of the Great Schism of 1054, when a papal ally in the Balkans was a necessity. Upon a visit of the papal legate Mainardius in 1060, at Church sabor in Split in 1061, Krešimir and the upper nobility lent their support to the pope and the church of Rome. To his time period, and possibly rulership over Bosnia as well, dates the foundation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bosnia (somewhere between 1060 and 1074).
Church conclusions were also made against the Croatian Glagolitic priesthood and other having long beards and hair style, marriages, and that the secular government does not interfere in the affairs of the church, to distance them from Byzantine orientalism. Moreover, the ecclesiastical service was likely practiced in the native Slavonic (Glagolitic) language, whereas the pope demanded that it be practiced in Latin. This caused a rebellion of the clergy led by a bishop of Krk Cededa, and a certain priest named Vuk (Ulfus), who had presented the demands and gifts of the Croats to the Pope during his stay in Rome, but was told nothing could be accomplished without the consent of the Split see and the king. They protested against celibacy and the Roman Rite in 1063, but they were proclaimed heretical at a synod of 1064 and excommunicated, a decision which Krešimir supported. Krešimir harshly quelled all opposition and sustained a firm alignment towards western Romanism, with the intent of more fully integrating the Dalmatian populace into his realm.
Croatian Glagolitic was definitely repressed, but it continued for centuries after the Synod of 1064. Even as late as the Council of Trent it was said the West Slavic (Glagolitic, Old Croatian) Rite was one of five valid rites outside of Latin to celebrate the Mass in. The last manuscripts we have in Croatian Glagolitic are from the late 15th century.