Timeline Of When Each Local Western Church Fell From Grace (Great Schism)

[BenjaminMcCraw]

The Fall of the Italian States

Verona: Did not submit to the Gregorian Reforms til the Concordat of Worms 1122
Lombardy: submitted after failed revolt to the holy roman empire 1022
Venice: Sided with Gregory VII religiously but remained neutral politically and sided with the Eastern Roman Empire against the Normans
Spoleto: was a part of Tuscany 1003-1152
Tuscany: loyal to Gregory VII
Pisa: loyal to Gregory VII
Genoa: loyal to Gregory VII
Corsica: loyal to Gregory VII
Ancona: loyal to Gregory VII
Sardinia: occupied by Pisa and Genoa in 1016, loyal to Gregory VII
Papal States: Split between Gregory VII and Clement III

Aversa: conquered by the Normans 1049
Melfi: conquered by the Normans 1056
Capua: conquered by the Normans 1058
Gaeta: conquered by the Normans 1064
Catepanate of Italy (Aqulia, Calabria, Bari): conquered by the Normans 1071
Benevento and Abruzzo: conquered by the Normans 1077
Salerno: conquered by the Normans 1077
Amalfi: conquered by the Normans 1077 finally submitted 1137, was in communion with the east until then
Naples: conquered by the Normans 1137
Sorrento: conquered by the Normans 1137

Sicily: conquered by the Normans 1091
Malta: conquered by the Normans 1091

For some context the Normans in Italy were not directly related to the House of Normany that William the Conqueror came from, but instead to two main families: The House of Hauteville and the House of Dregnot, and they did not share William's loyalty to Pope Gregory VII at first.

In 1035, the same year William the Conqueror would become Duke of Normandy, Tancred of Hauteville's three eldest sons (William "Iron Arm", Drogo and Humphrey) arrived in Aversa from Normandy. Many Anglo-Danish rebels fleeing William the Conqueror joined the Byzantines in their struggle against Robert Guiscard duke of Apulia, and son of Tancred Hauteville, in Southern Italy.

The first members of the Dregnot family to arrive in Italy known are five brothers. Four of these accompanied their one exiled brother, Osmond, who had murdered one of Duke Robert I of Normandy's hunting companions. Asclettin, Rainulf, Rudolph, and Gilbert Buatère

In 1066 Richard Drengot (son of Asclettin Drengot) marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. In 1078 Robert Hauteville allied with Jordan of Capua to ravage the Papal Abruzzo, but after a 1080 treaty with Pope Gregory VII they were obligated to respect papal territory. The tenure of Jordan (son of Richard Drengot) as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended Lombard rule in Italy.

In summary Italy should be covered in six parts

1. The parts of Italy that were loyal to Gregory VII from the beginning in 1073
2. The parts of Italy conquered by the Normans who didn't fall until they capitulated to Gregory VII in 1080
3. The parts of Italy conquered by the Normans after 1080 and so fell at the date they were conquered
4. The parts of Italy that were loyal to Clement III which fell after his death in 1100
5. Verona which did not submit to the Gregorian Reforms til the Concordat of Worms 1122
6. The parts of Greek Italy which were loyal to the Eastern Roman Empire and in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople til 1137

[haralampopoulosjc]

• Constantinople drops Rome from the diptychs (1014, Pope Benedict VIII uses the filioque during the coronation ceremony of Holy Roman Emperor Henry II)

• Papal Bull of Excommunication (1054, Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicates Cardinal Humbert and his fellow legates)

• England (1066, Battle of Hastings)

• Scotland (1072, King Malcolm III of Scotland submits to William of Normandy at Abernethy)

• Spain (1080, Council of Burgos)

• Iceland (1083, Bishop Gizurr returns to Iceland after being consecrated a bishop on the continent by the Hildebrandian archbishop of Magdeburg, Hartwig of Spanheim )

• Poland (1096, Expulsion of the Tyniec monks)

• Bohemia (1096, Expulsion of the monks of Sázava Monastery)

• Italy (1100, Death of Pope Saint Clement III AKA Wibert of Ravenna)

• France (1104, Philip I of France submits to Pope Paschal II)

• Sweden (1104, Creation of the Archdiocese of Lund)

• Norway (1104, Creation of the Archdiocese of Lund)

• Denmark (1104, Creation of the Archdiocese of Lund)

• Hungary (1106, King Coloman of Hungary sent envoys to the Council of Guastalla, which had been convoked by Pope Paschal II. In October 1106, the envoys solemnly informed the pope of their king's renunciation of his royal prerogative to appoint the prelates of his realms)

• Germany (1111, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V submits to Pope Paschal II, who performs his coronation)

• Ireland (1111, Synod of Ráth Breasail, convened by the papal legate, Gille, Bishop of Limerick. The synod was attended by no fewer than fifty bishops, three hundred priests and three thousand laymen, including King Murtough O'Brien. The synod's deliberations were prompted by the Gregorian Reform and guided by the relatively new powers of the Papacy as defined in the Dictatus papae and Libertas ecclesiae)

• Wales (1120, consecration of David the Scot as Bishop of Bangor, by Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury at Westminster)

• Concordat of Worms (1122, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V revokes the right to invest bishops, submits to Pope Calixtus II; this marks the end of the Investiture Controversy)

[BenjaminMcCraw]

Bare minimum there needs to be a distinction between German Italy and Byzantine Italy.

German Italy (1110 Death of Pope Saint Clement III, arguably with a tiny remnant holding on until the death of Gregory VIII in 1137)

Byzantine Italy (1137 The Submission of Naples)

The Duke of Naples before 1137 was Sergius VII and bore the rank of Stratigotus from the Roman Emperor John II Komnenos. His father John VI of Naples bore the rank of Protosebastos from the Roman Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Archbishop Marinus of Naples 1118–1151 would have been the one to capitulate. Prior to that point the Archbishop of Naples was still in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople.

I would argue the final form of the East–West Schism in the West began 1014 and finalized 1137. In the East it began in 1014 and finalized sometime after 1215 and before 1274.

[haralampopoulosjc]

When he visited us here in Louisiana last year, while I was with him in New Orleans he spoke about how when he visited the Basque country (where his ancestors are from) there's a cliff near where an ancient monastery stood, and on a rock near that cliff was an inscription that read: "In 1134 36 monks were thrown off this cliff for being like the Greeks" (i.e. they were Orthodox).

Brother Sava, do you know if Timotheos took a photograph of this inscription? This could be huge.

Yours in Christ

[haralampopoulosjc]

Croatia fell in 1064 during the reign of King Petar Krešimir IV after the excommunication of two notable clerics and their accomplices for opposing the Gregorian Reforms:

From the outset, he continued the policies of his father, and was immediately requested in a letter by Pope Nicholas II first in 1059 and then in 1060 to further reform the Croatian church in accordance with the Roman rite. This was especially significant to the papacy in the aftermath of the Great Schism of 1054, when a papal ally in the Balkans was a necessity. Upon a visit of the papal legate Mainardius in 1060, at Church sabor in Split in 1061, Krešimir and the upper nobility lent their support to the pope and the church of Rome. To his time period, and possibly rulership over Bosnia as well, dates the foundation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bosnia (somewhere between 1060 and 1074).

Church conclusions were also made against the Croatian Glagolitic priesthood and other having long beards and hair style, marriages, and that the secular government does not interfere in the affairs of the church, to distance them from Byzantine orientalism. Moreover, the ecclesiastical service was likely practiced in the native Slavonic (Glagolitic) language, whereas the pope demanded that it be practiced in Latin. This caused a rebellion of the clergy led by a bishop of Krk Cededa, and a certain priest named Vuk (Ulfus), who had presented the demands and gifts of the Croats to the Pope during his stay in Rome, but was told nothing could be accomplished without the consent of the Split see and the king. They protested against celibacy and the Roman Rite in 1063, but they were proclaimed heretical at a synod of 1064 and excommunicated, a decision which Krešimir supported. Krešimir harshly quelled all opposition and sustained a firm alignment towards western Romanism, with the intent of more fully integrating the Dalmatian populace into his realm.

[haralampopoulosjc]

An invaluable source for further study: